1. Temperature is the average energy of motion of a substance. Thermal energy is the total energy of motion of a substance. So even if a tea pot and a tea cup both have the same temperature, the larger amount of tea in the tea pot has a greater thermal energy.
2. Conduction does not heat the air well. Gases (air is a mixture of gases) do not conduct heat well.
3. The troposphere is heated when heat is transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection working together. First, heat is transferred from the sun to the earth by radiation. The ground absorbs this heat and then releases some of that heat by radiation and some by conduction. This heats only the air nearest to earth's surface. The convection currents occur when the heated air near earth's surface rises, and then cools and falls. The transfer of heat by convection is what heats most of the troposphere.
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